Glossary

The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), developed by the Getty Research Institute, is a controlled vocabulary for describing art, architecture, and cultural heritage. It provides standardized, structured and also multilingual terms that support consistent cataloguing and interoperability between collections.

The CIDOC CRM is an international standard that provides an ontology for describing and linking information in the fields of art history, archaeology and cultural heritage. It provides a shared conceptual framework that helps institutions and researchers represent relationships between people, objects, places, and events in a consistent and interoperable way, enabling data integration and reuse across collections. 

Controlled Vocabulary is a standardized set of terms used to ensure consistent description and identification of concepts, objects or entities. It provides clear definitions for each concept, includes synonyms and variant spellings (sometimes in multiple languages), and often organizes terms into a hierarchical structure. 
In the field of art and cultural heritage, commonly used controlled vocabularies include the Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND), the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), the Getty Union List of Artist Names (ULAN), GeoNames, Iconclass, the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF), and Wikidata.

Guiding principles for the management of digital resources, specifically scientific data and metadata.
(See https://crsuzh.pages.uzh.ch/cocoprend/glossary/#research-data-management-rdm)

Findable
It should be possible for others to discover your data. Rich metadata should be available online in a searchable resource, and the data should be assigned a persistent identifier.

Accessible
It should be possible for humans and machines to gain access to your data, under specific conditions or restrictions where appropriate. FAIR does not mean that data need to be open! There should be metadata, even if the data are not accessible.

Interoperable
Data and metadata should conform to recognized formats and standards to allow them to be combined and exchanged.

Reusable
Lots of documentation is needed to support data interpretation and reuse. The data should conform to community norms and be clearly licensed so others know what kinds of reuse are permitted.

IIIF is an international standard for the display and use of high-resolution images on the web, particularly in the context of research and cultural heritage. It defines standardized APIs that allow images and their metadata to be accessed, displayed, compared, annotated, and reused across institutions. IIIF supports functionalities such as zooming, cropping, and rotating images and enables their integration into different applications and viewers.

A knowledge graph is a structured network of entities – such as objects / artefacts, people, places, events, or concepts – that illustrates how these entities relate to one another according to a defined ontology. It enables users to explore collection or research data within a broader contextual framework, revealing connections that are not apparent in isolated records.

Linked Data refers to a method of publishing structured data on the web so that it can be connected and interlinked. It uses standardized web technologies – such as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), the Resource Description Framework (RDF), and hyperlinks – to link related information across different datasets. 
When such data is openly accessible and reusable, it is referred to as Linked Open Data (LOD).

An ontology is a formal system for representing knowledge within a specific domain. It defines a set of concepts and entities (such as people, events, time or places) and specifies the relationships between them (=attributes, properties). Ontologies help structure and connect information across datasets. 
(Fotis Jannidis / Hubertus Kohle / Malte Rehbein (Hg.), Digital Humanities. Eine Einführung, Stuttgart 2017, S. 162.)

Open Access is a publication model that guarantees the free and unrestricted availability of (scholarly) publications on the internet. It allows users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, and use the full texts without financial, legal, or technical barriers, provided that authors and sources are properly acknowledged.
(See Fotis Jannidis / Hubertus Kohle / Malte Rehbein (Hg.), Digital Humanities. Eine Einführung, Stuttgart 2017, S. 201f.)

Research Data are records (such as numerical scores, textual records, images, sounds and audiovisual material) resulting from research. 
Open Research Data can be freely accessed, reused, remixed and redistributed, for academic research and teaching purposes and beyond. Ideally, open data have no restrictions on reuse or redistribution, and are appropriately licensed as such.
(https://crsuzh.pages.uzh.ch/cocoprend/glossary/#research-data-management-rdm)

Research data management encompasses the handling of research data (collection, organisation, storage, documentation, and publication) during and after research activity. 
A Data Management Plan (DMP) outlines a plan of the life cycle of the data. It documents data handling practices, ethical and legal issues, storage, and sharing plans.
(See https://crsuzh.pages.uzh.ch/cocoprend/glossary/#research-data-management-rdm)

RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a standard language for modelling relationships between resources on the World Wide Web (WWW). It forms one of the core components of the Semantic Web, enabling the interlinking of entities such as objects, people, places or concepts. 
RDF is based on a triple structure, where each statement consists of:

• Subject = the entity or resource being described
• Predicate = the property or relationship between subject and object
• Object = the value or another entity related to the subject

RDFS (RDF Schema) extends RDF by providing a formal vocabulary for describing entities and how they relate to one another. 
(See Fotis Jannidis / Hubertus Kohle / Malte Rehbein (Hg.), Digital Humanities. Eine Einführung, Stuttgart 2017, S. 169.)

Semantic Web refers to an extension of the World Wide Web designed to make online information understandable to machines. It uses structured data, metadata, and ontologies to describe the meaning (semantics) of digital resources. The Semantic Web enables linking and integrating data from different sources, allowing richer connections between texts, images, places, and concepts. Technologies such as RDF, SPARQL, OWL, and SKOS are important components of the Semantic Web.